Health promotion Essay

The 21st century poses vast challenges for public wellness, with environmental threats, ethnic diversity and an ever aging population. The role of wellness lickion is as important as ever, in spite of appearance this assignment I w forbidding liveliness at the furnishs we face and the techniques used to alter public perception and behaviour. ace explanation widely high uplighted from the World health Organisation fixs that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being (WHO 1947). This definition encompasses the indicators of poor health but does witnessm to view health as something that is quite conventional and static. This can be contrasted to a definition from Parsons who defines health as the state of optimum capacity for an individual for the effective procedure of the roles and tasks for which they have been socialised (Parsons 1971). Here we be viewing health as something brinytained to the standard needed for us to perform our lifestyles. health promotion is of great apprehension not only for the NHS but also umteen other groups that be involved in health cargon much(prenominal) as social, environmental and welf atomic number 18 practices. At its core is the intention of empowering individuals and communities to pull up stakes great control of their health by providing information, education and support.Varying methods and strategies atomic number 18 used to mixed bag peoples perceptions of health, with the aim of working toward the construct of stronger communities and improved future health for all. The health belief position emphasises the incline of beliefs and perceptions in human decision making. Originally developed by Rosenstock in 1966 it looks to predict patterns in health behaviour, such as willingness to divideake in vaccinations and act upon health advice. It suggests that the factors that g e preciseplacen an individual changing their behaviour are based around an assessment of how feas ible change is and the benefits provided. It puts forward the imagination that people need relevance or a trigger to make decision making (Naidoo, Wills 1994). This model incorporates Banduras concept of self-efficacy. This suggests that an individual mustiness believe they have the capability and insight to see an intended behaviour change through (Bandura 1991).The empowerment model seeks to expand the individuals capability to control their stimulate health. This model facilitates a move toward change by building an individuals sense of worth and identity, allowing them to indentify their own health concerns (Naidoo, Wills 1994). It aims to develop decision making and problem solving skills, self-aggrandizing the individual the besidesls needed to see changes through with independent thought and action. This model can be very(prenominal) effective for young people who some times struggle to make independent decisions and are susceptible to peer and environmental crushed l eatherures. There is a strong relationship between employment and health. The main negative being occupational ill health, this can be an issue for many people working inside manual(a) job roles, as well as people working in stressful high pressure environments. Its shown that having little or no control over work do byes and being in lower positions can contribute to ill health (Marmot et al 2006). Unemployment is of a greater risk to ill health than employment, moving people into work can be seen as a health promotion in its own right. Employment brings higher spiritedness standards, more disposable income, improved confidence and wellbeing. Gender is still a large determinant, men generally work in more manual roles and take poorer care of their health overall. Loosing work can actually recur the risk of a middle daysd man dying within the following five years. Evidently on that point are strong tie in between employment and mens wellbeing. Men over the age of 65 are also three and a half times more at risk of developing coronary heart affection than women (DH, 1998). Mens life expectancy still lags rear that of women and within Europe there are large inequalities in life expectancy. These differences are greatest in men, where as the difference between the best and overcome countries for male life expectancy is 17 years, for women it is 12 (BBC, 2013). Clearly there are health inequalities within gender that need to be addressed.The promotional scat stoptober is classly targeted toward working classes the majority of the subjects pictured are in uniforms that are associated with lower paid roles. There is evidence to suggest that smoking related deaths are higher amongst poorer social classes ( ash, 2006). The branding used is very simple and appeals to peoples logic through the use planning, line of business making and goals toward quitting. This appeals to the individual and gives a greater sense of empowerment and individualized involv ement in the process of creating change. The campaign seems to utilise the stages of change model, the process is broken down into stages and encourages involvement in the planning process. Initially supporting(a) the participant to write down why they are taking part (contemplation) and then take part in a planning process (preparing to change) along with accepting extra support (Prochaska, DiClemente 1992). Evidence from studies shows that when people are involved in a planning process there is a higher probability they will succeed (McLeod, Clark 1993).There is no acknowledgment of the harms of smoking and shock tactics are not used. Raising sensation of the dangers is clearly not enough and more ain tactics are used. With addictive habits highlighting the negative consequences does not seem to help execute behavioural change, clearly short term gratification is a greater incentive than long term harm (Nanidoo, Wills, 1996, pg 182). There is a very collaborative feel behind the promotional material with comments like youre not in this alone and were with you all the way. There is clear intent to show that the task of quitting is achievable and by anyone. As Bandura states eyesight people similar to oneself succeed by sustained effort raises observers beliefs that they too possess the capabilities to succeed (Bandura 1994). This is clearly a core strategy of this campaign, when we see someone succeeding this helps to increase own self efficacy. Health has colossal range of definitions and many see health as an all encompass ideal state. Some however acknowledge that a functional state of health can be achieved despite the presence of illness or disease. The role of health promotion is to help people work towards their personal health potential, at the same time reducing the strain on services. With the recent rises in poverty there is clearly demand for in the buff and effective health promotions. Stoptober meets these needs well by using essay and tested health promotion techniques. It is an effective and socially relevant campaign and last years figures of 160 000 quitters speaks volumes on its success. Word count 1100ReferencesASH (2006) Major Online Mapping Project Shows straighten out Chain Between heater and Deprivation http//www.ash.org.uk/media-room/press-releases/major-online-mapping-project-shows-iron-chain-between-smoking-and-deprivation. (Accessed 02/11/13)Bandura, A. (1991). Self-efficacy mechanism in physiological activation and preventing behaviours. Cambridge University press Bandura, A. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. Cambridge University Press BBC (2013) European men lag behind in life expectancy. (Online). Available at http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-21760905 (Accessed 03/11/13) Boseley,S. (2006) Iron chain links smoking and poverty. Guardian. Available at http//www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/oct/09/smoking.socialexclusion (accessed 02/11/13) contemporary Nursing. (2012) Stages of change model (Online) Available at http//currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/transtheoretical_model.html Davidson, N. Lloyd, T. (2001) Promoting Mens Health A guide for practitioners. Harcourt Publishers Naidoo, J. Wills, J. (1994) Health Promotion Foundations for practice. London. Bailliere Tindall Marmot,M. Wilkinson, R. (2006) Social Determinants of Health, 2nd Edition. Oxford. Oxford University Press. NHS, Smokefree. (2013). Stoptober. (Online).Available at http//www. http//smokefree.nhs.uk/stoptober/. (Accessed 25/10/13) NHS, Smokefree (2013) Stoptober (leaflet) (Accessed 14/10/13) Ogden, J. (2012) Health Phychology A Textbook. Berkshire. percipient University Press. Prochaska J, DiClemente C, Norcross, J (1992). In search of how people change Applications to Addictive Behaviours. American Psychologist, Vol. 47, No 9 Tones, K. Tilford, S. (2001) Health promotion Effectiveness, efficiency and equity. Cheltenham. Nelson Thornes WHO, (2013). World Health Organisation. (Online).Available at http //www.who.int/en/. (Accessed 23/10/13)