Social justice for African American women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social justice for African American women - Essay Exampleing the unforgiving women criminals,appears far easier than creating a health care system that ensures healthy babies for each(prenominal) citizens. She argued that, there are two main ingredients that powerful white men have poured into establishing social order.The branch pertains to the dehumanization of Africans on the basis of race,and the control of womens sexuality and reproduction (Rhapsodyinbooks, 2008). Before the feminist movement, consort to Roberts the black African women had no rights they were just slaves to the masters. In fact, the worse was they did non own their body--denied of the right to self-preservation. They were so unfortunate that they just like a chattel--a thing that could be sold. In addition, masters (the white men) would cave in $400 and get a young female.The poor black woman would be forced to regurgitate for the masters.After she was used,the master would then sell her and her three kid s for an amount of $4000. Roberts added that, for slave women procreation had a little to do with self-sufficiency... That was the scenario before, but it seems like the ban of importation of slaves during 1808 did not reach its power and influence in todays time--United States government enslaves, criminalizes and dehumanizes those who do not compliment to the white men and women. 1.3 Injustice and contrast Social problems in America still haunt the soul of Black women. Dawson (n.d.) stressed that white women were forever and a day praised and often tagged with kind words like industrious, intelligent, and responsible. On the contrary, Black women were dubbed as lazy, ignorant, and shiftless. Despite the provender enclosed in 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), black women were still inured the way they were before. In addition, this act discriminates the poor black women--it limits their time on aid to a aliveness maximum of five years. Further, it strictly requires single mothers to marry. Those who lived far beyond in their segregated homes would suffer to locomote miles of distance just to find livelihood for their children (Rhapsodyinbooks, 2008). 1.4 Assessment Justice requires equality and just treatment--no discrimination and encroachment of rights. Roberts, in her exemplary work detailed the points how black women were treated as if they were not human and did not exist. She argued that the concept of liberty was just about and for the interest and welfare of the whites only for those who belong to middle class--that liberty is just concerned on the concept of abortion. Towards the end, she also reiterated that many policy proposals were detrimental to the Americans specially the underestimated black women. Her argument

Where does Curatorial Practice enter your own practice Essay

Where does Curatorial Practice enter your own rule - Essay ExampleCuratorial practice also helps people understand the history and origins of important materials.I am a marketer by profession, and since the advent of digital curation, a new dimension of curatorial practice has emerged in the marketing field. It is know as content curation, and it is one of the hottest areas of content marketing. It plays a vital role in accomplishing various objectives, depending on how, where and how organizations use it (Rosenbaum, 2011). While content marketing in the limited sense primarily revolves around identifying, maturation and sharing content to achieve business goals and what customers want across the consumer life cycle, content curation is concerned with aggregation, finding, roll up relevant content and then presenting or sharing it to audiences in an optimized or targeted manner. Content curation is more than moreover about presenting all types of content that marketers stumble up on (Rosenbaum, 2011). It is mainly about doing it in a clever and audience-oriented way, by concentrating on specific topics an organization wants to curate content about. Some curation models even clearly center on community marketing objectives. Content curation is part of the overall content marketing

A Culture of Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Culture of Safety - Essay ExampleHowever, as management models cave in continued to evolve, race harbor recognized that an error can only be prevented if it is known. This is the basis of the still culture in nursing, which acts as a bridge between the traditional approach and a situation in which no unrivalled bears the responsibility of errors. The just culture alters an organization as well as its employees to learn from mis bestows and create a dodge that minimizes chances of error. This paper explores the just culture in a nursing mountain and its impact on the safety of the patients. The Role of the Nurse in identifying Potential and Real Threats Patient safety is the core legation of every healthc ar institution. Nurses have a role in ensuring that the patients in a hospital setting are catered to adequately to ensure their safety. They are obligated to identify, whenever possible, the risks that patients face while in the health institution. cardinal way of identi fying threats against the health of a patient would be to open the communication channels in the hospital. This would enable a nurse to report to the administration about a threat to the safety of the patients. Previously, the punitive system in such a setting inhibited such reporting and nurses only identified threats which they would not be able to hide. The just culture enables a nurse to identify a risk which may have occurred due to an error and report the threat in the appropriate manner. This increases patient safety as adequate measures can be taken to remedy the situation. This role of the nurse is, therefore, in line with the just culture as proposed by Reason (American Nurses Association, 2010). Steps in Minimizing or Eliminating Threats Rules and Regulations Following instructions that are set by the organization should be a priority for all nurses. Managers, according to Lazarus (2011), must dictate systems in place that bequeath enable the nurses to carry out their roles in the institution impellingly. These systems are fragment of the rules that are set by the nursing leadership to provide maximum efficacy at the exert place. Nurses should therefore adhere to these set rules and regulations, in order to minimize the chances of errors happening at the work place. roughly of the systems in place are tested and tried, meaning they have been found to reduce the number of errors that people can make at the work place. Although human errors do occur, a continuous improvement of the system, as proposed in the just culture will lead to the system achieving maximum efficiency. Acting with regard to these rules will minimize or even eliminate the chances of error. Nurses should only act contrary to these rules when there is evidence that acting according to them presents a threat to the patient (Lazarus, 2011). Attending Seminars Seminars and other meetings organized by the institution to sensitize employees in patient safety are a valuable resou rce to nurses. Policies that are proposed and passed during these meeting have an effect on the performance of the nurses, and it is therefore important that nurses attend these meetings. This way, they will be conversant with the rules and regulations, as well as contribute to the development of these policies such that the rules will also be in upgrade of the nurses. Patient safety can be maximized through such meetings since the stakeholders agree on the most effective means of achieving that goal. Nurses mostly deal with patients directly and are obligated to ensure the safety of the patient. By care these seminars, they increase their knowledge and learn how to incorporate the new policies with their expertise. This is an important aspect for the safety of the patient and nurses should take this measure to minimize threats to

Disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

hindrance - Essay Examplepolitical, academic and social, the invention of disability enjoys greater signifi shadowerce and widespread interest. However, this very attribute of universality has led to various debates in spite of appearance the fields of health, politics, social science as well as philosophy with regards to its definition and scope. Academicians, scholars, health fear providers and policy makers have debated to define the term as well as the manner in which it can be measured. However, regardless of the vastness of its scope, greater consensus have now seemed to emerge, which is evident from the various definitions provided by the WHO (WHO, 2001), ICF (ICF, 2001), and the UN assemblage on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN Commission of Human Rights, 2006).The international communitys which have defined the term see on disability being a culmination of complex interactions between medical abnormalities, physical health restrictions, as well as the attit udes of the external environment which restricts their complete and total inclusion within the mainstream society.Disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, bodily function limitations, and participation restrictions. Impairment is a paradox in body hold up or structure an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in death penalty a task or action while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. Thus disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of a persons body and features of the society in which he or she lives. (WHO, 2010).A disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being (Disabled World, 2010).In conventional terms, the issue of disability have been invariably defined and viewed as a medical

Research on Primark Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

On Primark - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, it is rather app bent that the research show upes and methods radically influence the research content.Research philosophy is a belief most the way in which entropy about a phenomenon should be gathered, analyzed and exercisingd. This thesis is a qualitative case study which focuses on an analysis of the HR policies prevailing in Primark. To carry out such(prenominal) a study in general we resort to two main getesDeductive reasoning which kit and caboodle from the to a greater extent general to the more specific subjects. Sometimes this is informally called a top- low-spirited approach. In such approach we take up the theory and then try to apply it to the hypotheses that we intend to test. Gradually we narrow down to the testing of data and observations for their applicability to the theory/ theories to arrive at a confirmation of its applicability or non. Such an approach require that we enlist the HR principles concerning effec tive management, motivation, customer relationship management, employees turnover etc. and then see how the ideal situation applies to Primark, by taking relevant data from the company.The Inductive approach on the other hand begins with collecting data, specific observations, which then lead to broader generalization and theories. Such an approach in called as bottom up approach. The patterns thus detected are formulated into tentative hypotheses and we fanny therefore arrive at some general conclusion about our subject. This appears to be a more practical approach, as we need to collect data from different sources and then come out with the inferences after taking a look at the things projected by data. For example if we find that most of the employees are new to the company that effectively points towards a high employees turnover. Similarly, if most of the employees express their resentment with the way module matters are handled by the company, that goes on to indicate about lack of proper motivational strategies in the company. still this study is undertaken with a balanced mix of both these approaches so that we get to analyze the organization as well as established theories.Data Collection RequirementsFor this study, we need main input from the people workings for Primark, for which one method is to take the company reports. But these annual reports mainly highlight the financial aspects and do not contain much info about the employees issues. Secondly, the companys HR records could form the basis for setting up the record structure, but the company will surely not be forthcoming with their official requirements until it is a statutory requirement. This study is purely for academic purposes, so well have to look for other means of collecting data. Therefore, while secondary data can be had from earlier similar studies, books and annual reports, making use of questionnaire therefore appears to be the best option for collecting Primary data.Justificat ion of StrategyCollecting data using a questionnaire seems to be the best approach under the circumstances, because with its help we will have tiny answers to some of our curious questions. Going over to each individual and then asking him/her the questions might not be a viable option because it requires enough time on the part of the respondent as well as on the part of th

The Impact of Offshoring in the Services Sector Essay

The Impact of Offshoring in the service Sector - Essay ExampleThe researcher presents that in an extensive study by Wilding and Jurado noted that, sad labor availability or quality within the surveyed organizations is not a considerable driver for outsourcing. The tot one driver is cost savings on labor. For a companionship to realize any acquire from the lower cost of labor, it will require employee displacement. gibe to Beaumont and Sohal, Outsourcing a function may entail inflammation or redeployment of employees, changes in the work they do or their transfer to the vendors employment and its different conditions. wholly these features impact the employees that be directly affected as well as influencing the attitude of the employees that remain with the firm. balance to the lowered cost of labor is the substantial investment that the firm needs to make in the onshore workforce. Training the vendor is a racy priority and requires a significant investment to train and p ersist in agents who are skilled and highly motivated. These investments need to evaluate over the long term and not a snapshot in time. One of the risks associated with offshoring is that the firm creates a dependence on the vendor that does the contracting. As the company offshores more of its internal functions the risk grows with it. The direct cost of this risk is the cost of monitoring the vendor which increases as the size of the contract increases. Additional risk comes from long-term offshoring contracts, which may be difficult to break in case of a problem. According to Oh, Gallivan, and Kim, investors weigh the impact of these risks and state, Investors will bid up the stock prices of client firms that are able to pursue low-risk outsourcing engagements while punishing clients that become entangled in outsourcing contracts that pose a high level of risk. Offshoring will have a negative economic return for the shareholders. Offshoring may be the remedy of last resort for a failing business. According to Lacity and Hirscheim, outsourcing is being used to salvage a losing enterprise. Is it sound business practice to liquidate the IS department to rescue a firm Many shareholders suppose so -- stock prices systematically rise just after an outsourcing announcement. The remedy for the impact of offshoring on the low skilled segment of the financial services sector may not be realistic. According to Binder, the jobs of call center operators are clearly at risk, while the jobs of most doctors look safe. The glibly-prescribed remedy for the moneyed countries is, therefore, more education and, more generally, an upskilling of the workforce. However, in a capitalist market system, there is a saturation point where upskilling results in a market glut of these skills and drives the wage downward. Educating away the cost of offshoring would, therefore, be counterproductive.

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of group decision making Essay

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of group decision fashioning - Essay ExampleAlso, the group can to a fault compel a person to be more than open-minded when considering ideas that he may not submit in the beginning. People who were actively tortuous in the decision making process are more committed in making sure to implement the resultants concur upon by the team. Group decision making is an important part in increasing the output and the profits of a business. It motivates employees to be more involved in their work and so increase their effectiveness in doing their jobs. It is also easier to measure the results of an agreed solution and the related performance of the people involved in the problem firmness discussion. Because they feel they own the agreed solution, they are bound to use all their innate abilities to make sure that the solution will work. Their hotshot of ownership and responsibility towards the project will develop their leadership to the benefit of the or ganization. However, group problem solving can be disadvantageous in some cases. First of all, it needs more time than an person deciding for himself. Opinions and ideas from each member of the group have to considered before the group can reach an agreement.

The relationship between ethics and politics Essay

The relationship between ethics and politics - Essay suitYour duty is to weigh the benefits and the harm of your actions. For example, the majority believes that it is entirely wrong and un satisfying to take the life of another. except if you saw a claws life in danger and the only way that you could continue the child was to take the life of another, it would not be unethical to do so, although standards of behaviour dictate that taking the life of another is wrong.Barak Obama I believe that taking the life of another to save a child does not set a bad example and it reinforces our responsibility to protect children. However, stealing when you can easy ask for food or work for it sets a bad example and would not be acceptable by any standards of conduct.Socrates Again it is about knowing what is good for you. I cannot be good for you to spoil to save a child from eminent harm. Nor can it good for you to steal to feed a child. good realism dictates that ignorance is the only form of unethical behaviour. Rational man determines what he thinks is best in each(prenominal) situation. In this regard knowledge motivates action that is appropriate and false perceptions and beliefs motivate inappropriate conduct.Socrates Not necessarily. there is a human inclination to be corrupted by power so that political institutions hunt down to be susceptible to timocracy, oligarchy, democracy and tyranny. None of these political institutions ar capable of being impartial and are vulnerable to corruption.Socrates Democracy gives that unsuitable ruler certain rights that permit him to remain in office eternal than he should be. He has the right to insist upon a thorough investigation and he has the right to stop his accusers.Socrates I would have thought that that fact that he was unsuitable would have already been a military issue of public record. Still, I would have to say that democracy is the lesser of all the evils of politics. For instance, timocracy is auth oritarian and can be compared to military

Armani Hotel (Dubai) - Managing Customer Service Essay

Armani Hotel (Dubai) - Managing Customer Service - Essay ExampleThe world of 21st century is an arena that promotes dissipated growth, tremendous development and gamey competition. The high level of internet connectivity in various corners of the world, along with the cosmos of the open economies has provided the platform for take on of products and services of international standards. The lavishness sector, especially the hospitality sector incessantly demands international standards and qualities of services mostly because of its need to maintain a homogenous quality and standard of high level of customer service at all of its location of presence.It is distinguished to say that in the immobile cycle of economic peaks and troughs that has continued to affect the business prospects of various countries in the recent times the luxury hospitality sector has always maintained a steady level of growth all the time. The basis behind it can be attached to the fact that the luxury sector always experiences an inelastic demand mostly because of its significant choosing of its target audience, which are mostly comprised of the elite and extremely rich people.Brief on Service Marketing Services can be defined as a concept which represents impalpable actions and attributes that are performed by individuals or a team of individuals for the adjudicate of providing superior level of value cognition to the consumers in regards to their individual requirements of value of tangible or intangible nature (Rao, 2011, p. 5). Talking a slight more about services, it can be said that because of its characteristics, services are a little disparate from the products. In case of services, the characteristics like the intangibility, homogeneity, inseparability and perishability exists. (Shanker, 2002, p. 36). While talking about marketing of services, it is important to mention that it sure enough includes the marketing features associated with the highly popular 4Ps conc ept. For the purpose of attaining success in a highly agonistic environment, the value of services needs to be created, communicated, distributed and captured for the right target audience. However, it is very important to mention that thither are three other variables that help in the process of providing value to the customers. The factors of people, process and physical evidence has to be mentioned without ignorance (Bhattacharya, 2006, p. 117). The existence of the three new variables is very important as it helps in a immense way in the process of communication of value of the services to the consumers (Zeithaml & et.al, 2011, p. 21). It can be said that for the purpose of providing high level of services to generate superior customer satisfaction and hence increase favourableness of the services, analysing of the services in regards to its ability to meet customers expectations is very important on a regular basis. For evolution a successful analysis of the services, the G AP model can be used (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008, p. 354). It is important to mention in these regards that the GAP model of service quality tries to analyze the service offerings of any effort from the perspectives of both the customer as well as the service provider. Source Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008, p. 354 Overview of customer kind marketing (CRM) It has to be said that in the case of customer relationship marketing, it belongs to the division of marketing of services. In the context of marketing of products as well as services, it has often been realized that retaining of customers helps in increasing the gainfulness of the organization at a comparatively lower costs, rather than aggressive acquisition of new customers on a regular basis

MITM (Man in the middle) attack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MITM (Man in the middle) fervency - Essay ExampleThe other names for MITM attack atomic number 18 fire brigade, Bucket Brigade, monkey-in-the middle, TCP hijacking, session hijacking, and TCP session hijacking (Bhatia, 2008)Man-in-the-middle attack bay window be successful only when the attacker has the ability to impersonate each of the dickens endpoints to the others satisfaction. Most of the cryptographical protocols involve certain forms of authentication that is designed specifically to prevent the MITM attack. An example of an MITM attack that is successful against the normal key encryption is as follows Inan MITM (Man-in-the-Middle) attack, the intruder or an attacker inserts or puts himself between notes of two networks. E.g., considering a successful attack, if a packet is sent to Alice by butt, the packet sent passes through or branches through the attacker or intruder Jane first and Jane decides after getting it to forward it to the recipient Alice with modifications or without any upon receiving the packet, Alice thinks that it come from John. The attack i.e. MITM is bidirectional, hence the same process applies upon Alice sending a packet to John (Samah, et al, 2008)The available techniques for preventing an MITM attack are authentication techniques based on second or secure lend verification, passwords and secret keys, which are strong and secure authentication, latency mental testing, one-time pads, and carry-forward verification. Secret keys are high training entropy secrets hence more secure while passwords are low information entropy secrets, which are less secure (Stewart, 2008). Long or Extended calculations of Cryptographic hash function, which is a latency examination lead into few seconds and incase both involved parties take twenty seconds, the third party butt be indicated since the calculation take sixty seconds to reach to each involved party. One-time pads are resistant or immune to MITM (man-in-the-middle)

Discuss the implication of globalization for the organized labour Essay

Discuss the implication of globalization for the organized crunch movement in rich countries - Essay ExampleThe process of globalization, with the liberal economic policies, which get down been take by many countries, has come to weaken the strong foundation upon which many pile junctures have been built. globalization has intensified the economic competition among the various developed nations of the world and to increase this competitiveness, these countries have adopted rattling liberal trade policies to ensure that their products remain at the top of the global market. These peeled policies have had an match on trade unions in very negative way because one of their key parts are the legal restrictions which have been placed on the rights of workers for the sake of a higher efficiency of the economy. A study consequence of these restrictions has been the fact that trade unions in these countries have come to lose those rights, which they had struggled for many years to g ain, and this has ensured that the political foundations of such trade unions have been increasingly weakened1. At the same time, the liberal policies that have been brought about by globalization have been creates more in favor of the employers than the workers. These policies advocate for the flexibility of the churn market and this has meant that the working class market has been deregulated and that employers have been empowered in areas the hiring of workers, their firing, the choice of how much to pay them, as well as the choice of the use of tire out. As a result of this, informal employment and different cheap forms of working class have become prevalent because employers prefer them not only for the cheapness of wages paid to them, plainly also for the fact that they do not have to cover them in such matters as restitution and safety. This has made it very difficult for trade unions to be able to organize workers into the powerful force that they previously were bec ause many of these informally employed people are not members of unions. The swift change in the victimisation of equipment as well as the globalization of the economy has led to the acceleration of structural adjustment. With the division of labor on the inter depicted object scene, some of the developed countries have opted to shift those enterprises that they consider labor intensive to other countries where there is cheaper labor. This has led to the trade unions in these countries to lose those industrial sectors, which had been their traditional bases of support. To add to this, the use of new technologies in such traditional industries as steel, manufacturing and construction has led to the drop in the demand for labor from these industries due to the fact that most of the labor within them has become redundant. Moreover, the traditional ways through which trade unions worked have been challenged by the development of the Information Technology and other related industries, and it is against this background that trade union activities in developed countries, are on the decline2. Globalization has enabled the speeding up of the work of trade unions at an international level. Trade unions have developed as a product of the social and economic conflicts that have been brought about by industrial disputes. They gain their legitimacy through their legalization at a national level and they function as the protectors of the rights of the workers who fall within their jurisdiction. Due to the globalization

College entrance response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

College entrance response - Essay ExampleIn addition, there are abundant interchange rooms for students and a library for seek.The university has abundant recreation facilitates for students. In addition, the students are allowed to participate in inter-university competitions such as sports, drama, debate and many other activities. The education programs offered at NU-Q gives students a chance to participate in leadership at different capacities. In addition, the university management organizes seminars and motivational talks for students. In this regard, students gain essential skills for surviving in the corporate world.The construction of a permanent home for NU-Q is anticipated to be sleep with by 2015. The new location is designed to offer a more comfortable learning environment for students. The new facilitate is expected to accommodate more student population and offer more opportunities for research and development. In summary, NU-Q emerges as the best media and arts in stitution in the region. The studies at NU-Q are not examination oriented but student

Case study Bacterium Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bacterium - Case Study ExampleHer immediate history of visiting to the wilds and hence generating a circular efflorescence with a dim center in the form of a bulls substance is an indication of Lyme unsoundness (Mayo Clinic, 2012).Answer - Symptoms in Lyme disease are common to many other conditions such(prenominal) as joint dis companys, viral contagious diseases, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome. The ticks are responsible of spreading not exactly Lyme disease solely can spread other diseases as well. Usually, it is identified with a characteristic rash on the body. Past medical history is used to correlate with likely possibility of Lyme disease. In order to confirm the diagnosis of this disease, physician prescribes lab tests so that antibodies to the bacteria may ascertain the disease. Body takes cartridge clip to develop antibodies hence lab tests are suitable only after a few weeks of an transmittance (Monroe, 2001).The Elisa test is used to detect Lyme diseas e. The test identifies antibodies to B. burgdorferi however, it may provide false positive results in any case so it is not a sole basis for diagnosis (Maryland Medical Center 2011).Answer - A bulls eye rash is the most discerning sign of Lyme disease infection. The rash usually takes time of 2 weeks to develop after the tick bite. Fever, joint pains, fatigue and chills accompany the rash. There are other diseases with interconnected symptoms. Ruling out other Tick-Borne infections is necessary to diagnose Lyme disease. Other infections cause similar symptoms such as fever, fatigue, muscle ache and some neurologic larks similar to symptoms found in Lyme disease. The most salient feature in the Lyme disease is a rash typically known as Bulls eye rash. Other tick-borne infection known as human monocyte ehrlichiosis (HME) develops similar rash as found in Lyme disease but that has been identified mostly in southern parts of US (Maryland Medical Center 2011).Answer - Lyme disease dur ing all phases is treated by antibiotics. According to the

What skills of a leader does she possess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What skills of a leader does she possess - Essay ExampleAccording to Gallo, Mayer is an apt communicator who has a record of moving crowds with her besotted oratory skills and presentation prowess. In her speeches, Gallo notes, Mayer tells stories and complements them with pictures.According to Gallo (2012), Mayer dedicates part of her time to employees in the office. Through this method, she would ensure that the employees mat close to the management and therefore more motivated. She makes employees feel the meaning in the work process. Gallo states that the course of the query proved to him that Mayer was a very committed person to her work as Google vice president. Other sources channelise that Mayers commitment to employees surpasses many people. She is known to spend a lot of time travelling global to meet conglomerate teams. She is known to trust in team building using a seem to face approach.Mayer advocates for simple straight forward approach to solution designs. In th is regard, she calls for solutions such as apps to be designed with users in mind. Using this style, Mayer has been accorded great respect by many users who admire her simplicity approach.Marissa Mayer is a person focused on mobile and design and prioritizing of the same. Mayer is known to be committed to this vision and usually reciprocates it in her seminars. By publicly stating her vision and keeping clearly focused on it, through the various referrals she makes to it, Mayer shows great leadership skills on commitment towards what one believes in. she exemplifies how a leader should lead others in centre on their goals.In her leadership roles at the organizational level, Mayer has been known to allow employees to practice their skills at their best. This is a method that brings many employees associated to her line of command able to perform a lot. She does not believe in putting down a set of guidelines to be followed by the employees but lets the employees practice what is ex pected of them.The famous cases are

Market Research Promotional Strategy for LG Electronics Essay

Market Research Promotional Strategy for LG Electronics - Essay ExampleThe development of strategical plans oecumenical is based on specific criteria. Most usually, the targets set sop up to be feasible in basis of the resources and the time required while the potential failures need to be identified in advance in order to ensure the limitation of failures. On the separate hand, not all organizational initiatives have the homogeneous characteristics when the achievement of specific targets is attempted then the methods used have to be c atomic number 18fully chosen a balance between the cost of a specific strategic project and the expected benefits of this project mustiness be pursued by managers in modern organizations. Current paper focuses on the examination of the strategic plans required for the increase of the market share of the blind drunk LG in a particular sector the televisions and audiovideo equipment. The firms current pricing strategy is reviewed and evaluate d in order to decide on the appropriate of the trade plans used in relation with the specific marketing plan. It seems that the achievement of the specific target is feasible only specific measures will be required especially if taking into account the position of the firms competitors but also the challenges of the specific industry in all markets internationally.LG Electronics was first established in 1958 to a lower place the name GoldStar. Since the decade of 1960s the firm was actively involved in the production of radios and televisions also of another(prenominal) products like the air conditioners. In 1995 the firm was renamed to LG Electronics. Through the years the firm was involved in other sectors, like the telecommunications while its performance is under continuous development (see Figure 1, Appendix). Currently, the firms employees have been estimated to 82,000 working in about 82 branches of the firm worldwide. The firms achievements in its industry are many. We could indicatively refer to the development of the first

Insurance and Hedging Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Insurance and Hedging Processes - Essay representativeThe role of insurance policy concern in regards to lay on the line transfer is influentially great, and this is in regards to pretend management in particular risk management is basically considered as being defined as the executive director decisions that surround the management of slender risks, and As such, risk management is a much broader concept than insurance management because insurance is only one of several methods for dealing with risk. Risk management attempts to identify the pure risks faced by the firm or organization, and uses a wide variety of methods, including insurance, for handling these risks (Goto, 1997). Insurance in incredibly important and in fact critical in regards to this particular situation, and it is a basically statistics-based character reference of pooling instrument which is used for risk management based on the law of that of especially large rime furthermore, it has a certain essence w hich, if used appropriately, seems to be rather similar to that of an option contract. Then in that location is hedging, which, in finance, is an investment that is espousen out specifically to reduce or cancel out the risk in another investment. Hedging is a strategy designed to minimize exposure to an unwanted business sector risk, while still allowing the business to profit from an investment activity (Wikipedia, 2007). Hedging basically allows for the control of risk, as although risk is basically inherent to any type or form of business activity, much of this risk is unwanted and it cannot be avoided without hedging. Someone who has a shop, for example, can take care of natural risks such as the risk of competition, of poor or unpopular products, and so on. The risk of the shopkeepers inventory being destroyed by fire... Hedging basically allows for the control of risk, as although risk is basically inherent to any type or form of business activity, much of this risk is unwa nted and it cannot be avoided without hedging. Someone who has a shop, for example, can take care of natural risks such as the risk of competition, of poor or unpopular products, and so on. The risk of the shopkeepers inventory being destroyed by fire is unwanted, however, and can be hedged via a fire insurance contract (Wikipedia, 2007). From this example we can quite clearly see the balance between wanted risk or risk that can be handled, and unwanted risk, and thus the immenseness for a process such as hedging. Catastrophic risks are very important to take into context here, and these types of losses in particular are considered as being in the upper layer, in that they emit rarely for the most part and yet they are the most devastating, and the severity overall is of such a scale that the viability of the entire enterprise is actually threatened. The reason why catastrophic risks are considered to be unavoidable insurable risks lies in their nature, which tends to make the pooling technique break down and become unworkable. Catastrophic risks, such as hurricanes or earthquakes, are classified as unknown risks and are characterized by a fundamentally non-linear phenomenon in which chaotic patters emerge easily, and it is also very easy to predict the probability of the expected loss (Goto, 1997).

Biodiversity Essay Example for Free

Biodiversity EssayBiodiversity presents occurrence of variety of species and their natural corporation in which they live. By the definition it is The degree of variation of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome, or an inviolate planet. It is a measure of the health of ecosystems and is in part a function of climate. (Rutherford) Ecosystem is on the other hand, community and its abiotic environment( Rutherford). Biodiversity exists in every ecosystem, weather it is big one, or just ecosystem of one garden, it has the same splendour because without it nature loses its ability to perform major functions needed for life on Earth, as it is oxygen production. arena this investigation, two unalike ecosystems entrust be explored and the level of their biodiversity on certain area. Research questionTo what scat is one ecosystem more diverse than other one? Hypothesis If ecosystem has more spot of species and organisms within those species, it bequeath have higher biodiversity. Justification of hypothesis According to formula for Simpsons diversity index, D = N (N-1) / n (n-1), where N is total number of organisms, while n is sum of individuals within a specie, we rear end see that sum of all individuals and total number of organisms of particular species affect the biodiversity index.Variables parasitical variable Biodiversity of ecosystem. Dependent variable is key of the study and it will be tested on independent and runlable ones. It will be derived from sufficient collection of data and using Simpsons index. Finally it is going to be presented as number of species in two different ecosystems. Independent variableSize of area of ecosystem tested, which is going to be presented in m2. This variable does not depend on other ones, and I decided to calculate biodiversity on 3 m2 in both ecosystems, making sure that conditions are same for both. Controllable variablesTime, weather conditions. These variables control the biodiversity index which is going to be derived and will be controlled as I will decide at which time am I going to measure number of species in ecosystem. In my case, it will be beginning of June. As well as I am going to make sure that I measure it on optimal temperature, without rain or strong sun. PROCEDUREMaterial * Meter * musical theme * Pen * Calculator * ThermometerProcedure Plan is the key point of each procedure. As I already found material needed for beginning of my investigation, I have to decide on two different location for measuring. It is going to be meadow and garden around family house. In both locations, area of bill is going to be 3 m2 and I am going to make sure that during the measurement in both locations, conditions of temperature are approximately the same. As I labeled the area of 3 m2 in meadow, I will count the number of different species living there. In addition, I will count number of organisms of each specie. While doing that, I will see the temperature on the therm ometer. The same procedure is going to be repeated in garden. After collecting all the raw data, it is going to be presented through harbor of biodiversity index.

Curriculum Development and Design Essay Example for Free

political program Development and Design EssayThese programs arose from the thinking of a convocationing of pioneers who believed that the educational approach that had been developed by medical education innovators at McMaster University was also approximately relevant for the zeal of occupational therapists and physi other(a)apists. Consequently, a group of educators from twain(prenominal) institutions, Mohawk College and McMaster University, combined their skills and taked a vision that became the fleece programs in occupational therapy and physical therapy.This approach was hassle-based acquire, and was used as the foundation for both programs from their inception to the present day, across leash antithetic iterations of platform. One of the cite innovations to the way in which the college programs were taught was the combination of using susceptibility from both the university and college to teach all paths. In the 1980s, a degree completion program was launched that provided alumnuss of the diploma program a chance to upgrade their qualification to a bachelors degree from McMaster University.This was particularly important since the minimum credential for creation to arrange had been raised to the baccalaureate level by the maestro associations. In 1989, the program activated tout ensemble into the university setting and the graduates were granted a BHSc(PT) or BHSc(OT), a bachelor degree in wellness sciences. cardinal long time later, in 2000, evictdidates were admitted to the entrylevel master programs in occupational therapy and physiotherapy. The Pedagogical Framework Problem-based LearningAs curtly referred to above, the occupational therapy and physiotherapy programs at McMaster University open a strong biography with and legacy of problem-based knowledge. While the initial broadcast gets were strongly influenced by the inaugural undergrad medical course, time and confidence presented opportunities to creat e our birth models. These models reflect the special nuances of each discipline. Problem-based go outing is recognized as having begun at McMaster University, in the medical curriculum, and was in response to critical concerns about the nature of more than handed-down skill models in medical curricula.The aim was to create an approach to teaching and learning that was apprentice-centered, yet based upon lay down objectives and evaluation criteria. The key remainder was the expectation that learners would be availd and guided rather than taught (Barrows and Tamblyn 1980 Neufeld 1983 Saarinen and Salvatori 1994). both the occupational therapy and physiotherapy programs at McMaster University have embraced these ideas, although with differing degrees of community and shipment to the original model.In fact, true problem-based learning models should naturally emerge from each individual mise en scene and culture. There is no right way although on that point is a evolution recognition of a crude set of principles and elements that provide be employ to de end pointine the problembased-ness of a learning environment (Maudesley 1994 Walton and Matthews 1989). Problem-based learning principles race to become grouped in dickens distinct categories first, the values upon which problem-based learning is based and second, some characteristics that atomic number 18 held in common savvy as being critical to the consequence of problem-based learning.Underlying values imply accessoryship, honesty and openness, mutual respect, and trust. Core characteristics incorporate Chapter 2 Curriculum Development and Design 13 i Learning which is student/learner-centered i qualification roles that be those of facilitator and guide i Learning scenarios which form the basis, focus, and excitant for learning i New information and understanding that is acquired through with(predicate) self-directed learning (Baptiste 2003 p. 17) Consequently, there is a continuum of problem-based curricula from pure through hybrid models.The masters entry-level physiotherapy and occupational therapy programs at the School of Rehabilitation cognizance at McMaster University continue to be based upon problem-based principles. Although both programs are actually antithetical one from the other, there are also m either common elements and approaches that are celebrated. Examples of these similarities are cited throughout this book, particularly in the chapters focus on evidence-based dedicate and moral philosophy education.Approaching the Task of Curriculum Renewal Perhaps one of the most overwhelming, yet exciting, tasks with which to be confronted is the opportunity and challenge of developing a new curriculum. This task is do tied(p) more daunting when circumstances provide a chance to do something different based on external forces and non a subscribe to modification because something is broken. Over the past few years, and in several years to com e, umteen educational programs in rehabilitation science are facing this situation.The ever-changing nature of the entry-level credential for occupational therapists and physiotherapists demands that faculty undertake a detailed review of curricula, to determine the best approach to moving toward graduate-level preparation, or, at the very least, complete a review of existing curricula models to identify their responsiveness and congruence with emerging confide expectations and demands. Approaches to such a massive task target vary from ensuring the preservation of what is good from the existing curriculum to making a total evoke and adopting a radically fudge 2. 1.Principles for curricular change and innovation Rationale should be articulated explicitly Overall goals should be reiterated evermore throughout the offset Continuing communication is essential, coupled with a clear rationale command that the mean change is in response to a defined and recognized need or purpo se Ensure that the innovation is seen as a high institutional priority Focus on pedagogy and non on resources for implementation Foster strong leadership support Identify incentives for faculty participation reach faculty buy-in for the curricular blueprint Involve the active teaching faculty throughout the dish up foreclose potential barriers to change and develop strategies to address them Recognize the potential need for and value of negotiation fitting from Guze (1995) 14 Sue Baptiste, Patricia Solomon 2 new approach and design.To have an optimal effect, options to be considered should bear relevancy to the pervading culture of the institution and environment within which the curriculum is to thrive. Also, decisions must be made concerning the pedagogical choices of how learner-centered the curriculum should be, and what particular educational modalities are the best for the circumstances. This chapter ordain address the entire picture of curriculum fellowship and design , from the first conversations about how to engage in the renewal passage through making decisions about methods of teaching, approaches to learner assessment, and preparation of entry-level practitioners for the emerging exercise contexts.Guze (1995) provided a clear and succinct discussion of several core principles that rear end guide curricular change and innovation (Table 2. 1). The following is an overview of these principles. Where to Begin? Motivation for curriculum renewal can come from both internal and external forces. External expectations from regulatory and professional bodies are tending to chit-chat standards for new practitioners that require i Preparation at an advanced level of clinical reasoning and design i The ability to assume roles that require autonomy and a strong sense of professional ethics i Engaging in their professional role from the first day of practice, in a conscious(p) nd moral manner that requires reflection and self-awareness Regardless of whether the motivation for curricular change stems from a require to do something differently or better, or from outside influences, the task is one that requires premeditationful prep. However, it is imperative that any planning process recognizes the need to dream and envision what could be, to create a model that leave interpret those visions, and to produce a graduate who is well prepared to face the complexities and challenges of emerging practice. When developing a curriculum, quaternity ecumenic questions must be asked i What is the purpose of the curriculum? i What educational envisions can be created to live up to this purpose? What is the most effective manner in which to organize these educational experiences? i How can we determine that the purpose has been fulfilled and the goals attained (Wiers et al. 2002)? Another very critical element of any change is the recognition that the cultural context is a key in managing change successfully. Hafferty (1998), when reflecting upon the realities of a medical teach curriculum, discusses the existence of in ballock and hidden curricula as well as the formal curriculum. He posits that, in shape to induce a lasting change, the entire organisational culture inevitably to be engaged to facilitate students and faculty a standardised in embracing and working with change.When facing the task of curricular reform, redesign has to buy the farm not only in terms of content, but also in relation to the Chapter 2 Curriculum Development and Design 15 educational processes that enable the learning to take place. This is the difference between reforming the program and reforming the curriculum the overall learning environment of the educational program and institution is changed (Burton and McDonald 2001). Once the decision has been made to reform the curriculum, a first step is to complete an environmental scan and situational analysis that explore the educational and organizational environment within th e institution, to determine what will facilitate the proposed changes. By defining a clear and newly articulated set of riorities and guidelines, changes that are being made within the curriculum will be given the vehicle through which impact can be made upon the surrounding environment (Genn 2001). This strategy is part of the first overall stagecoach, the planning phase. This is when the need for change is established and the vision for change is knowing. It is during this phase of development that the non-negotiable elements of structure and process are determined. For example, within the School of Rehabilitation Science at McMaster University, both the Physiotherapy and occupational Therapy Programs were already designed as two-year, twenty-four-month, curricula.Also, the province of Ontario mandates that all masters programs are two years in duration. Therefore, the decision was readily made, based on these graduate program regulations and history, that the new masters entry -level curricula would be twenty-four months long. One key commitment was clear and that was to the foundational philosophy of problem-based, selfdirected learning utilizing the application of these principles to itty-bitty group, large group, and skills-based learning experiences. Wiers et al. (2002) provide a clear and helpful outline of ten general move of curriculum design within a problem-based learning context (see Table 2. 2).While this rubric is integrated around the specific processes inherent within problem-based learning development, most of the guidelines can apply broadly across any curricular development process within any pedagogical framework. From the onset, all faculty members at McMaster University were on board regarding the need to undertake the development of entry-level masters curricula in both occupational therapy and physiotherapy. Both disciplines had undergone dramatic changes in the preceding two decades, largely focused upon the growth of foundational science and evidence for practice. schoolmaster practice models had emerged for both professions and provided a strong backdrop against which to create fresh ap- Table 2. 2. Ten general steps in curriculum design for a problem-based learning (PBL) environment 1. . 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Give rationale for the curriculum and form a planning group Generate general educational objectives for the curriculum Assess the educational needs of future students Apply general principles of PBL to the curriculum Structure the curriculum and generate a curriculum blueprint Elaborate the unit blueprints Construct the study units Decide on student assessment methods dispense the educational organization and curriculum management model Evaluate the curriculum and revise as permit Adapted from Wiers et al. (2002) 16 Sue Baptiste, Patricia Solomon 2 proaches to the preparation of graduates for entering practice.While both the occupational therapy and physiotherapy programs undertook curriculum r enewal at the same time, the physiotherapy program had engaged in an ongoing process of change across the preceding five years. Many of the issues, concerns, and changes addressed and implemented by the occupational therapy program had already been addressed by physiotherapy. Therefore, this chapter will focus predominantly upon the initiatives inherent within the curricular shift within occupational therapy, although reference will be made to processes within physiotherapy as appropriate. calculating Our New Programs Deciding upon the overarching constructs that would determine the closing curriculum model was a complex and dramatic process in many ways, and one in which everyone was eager to participate and have a chance to have input.At the onset of the development of the occupational therapy program, three faculty retreats were held that progressed from a totally un incorporated cerebrate of what would be perfect, to a detailed accounting of core curricular elements in the c ontext of a actors line structure. In the initial retreat, all full-time faculty members together with some part-time members participated in a blue-skying day-long session during which everyone spoke of their dreams for the perfect curriculum. What if we could do what we wanted? What if we did not have to be concerned with logistics like room bookings? and so on. This exercise provided us with a high-level ppreciation of the values and elements that were important to us as a collective. It was from this beginning fantasy that the next level of planning emerged. The second retreat was more structured and focused upon the creation of a continuum for learning that resulted in the overarching framework for the curriculum, together with the delivery methods. A process was followed whereby we decided upon a central construct around which the whole curriculum would evolve, namely, occupation. To support this core notion, there were several longitudinal conceptual threads that represente d continua of thought such as wellness to illness, simplicity to complexity, local to global, and unifaceted to multifaceted. finished this process, we were able to identify the pay offing place for the first study term, and to create a high-level framework for the progression of the total curriculum (see Table 2. 3) In physiotherapy, the process began similarly with a faculty retreat however, the focus varied slightly. Initial discussions identified elements of the curriculum that we Table 2. 3. Occupational therapy curricular framework Term 1 2 3 4 5 6 guinea pig theme Wellness, health, and occupation Person, environment, and occupation Development, disability, and occupation Youth and the development of self Adulthood and disability Complexities of present-day(a) practice Chapter 2 Curriculum Development and Design 17 alued and wanted to maintain and those needing less emphasis. Through ongoing curricular evaluation and feedback, we identified new areas that needed to be incl uded in the emerging curriculum and other areas that needed to be heighten. These areas were discussed within the context of the changing practice of physiotherapy and the knowledge and skills required by the physiotherapist in the new millennium. The decision was made to use a curricular framework that incorporated a modified body systems design, as current physiotherapy practice and clinical specialties were aligned with this model. Inclusion of a Community do/Community Health unit allowed or a focus on emergent health care roles in the community and on integrating health promotion and disease prevention into practice. The faculty recognized that while many physiotherapists identified their practice in an area related to the body systems, increasingly clinicians were faced with more complex patients with multiple system conflict. Hence, the final unit of study focused on integrated practice dealing with clients with complex multisystem health care problems. Following the initial planning process, it is now time to initiate the plan. It is during this time period that the unfreezing of old organizational patterns and the introduction of innovations into the educational environment take place (Burton and McDonald 2001).Often, while there is a strong commitment to engaging in the conversations that lead to the design of a changed reality, it is a very different matter to start doing and actually making that changed reality come to life. A cooperative internal environment is essential for the credit of that initial dream and therefore it is well worthwhile for planners to engage in a transparent and cooperative experience that enables maximum participation and open debate. A process of this nature is characterized by collaborative problem solving, effective communication, abilities in conflict resolution, and a cultural expectation of working together in symmetry that guides the overall enterprise (Burton and McDonald 2001).Therefore, it is of importance to determine at the onset the values and behaviors by which the development experience will be approached to set up structures and processes that will ensure that the best attempts at making it so will be expended. During the initiation period, we experienced intense interest and levels of emotion from all participants regarding the manner in which the planning and the visions for the two disciplines would be evolved and realized. As mentioned previously, we had determined that the existing problem-based learning principles would remain but that the key changes would be realized through the manner in which the content was introduced to the students and through which the continuum of learning would evolve. Similarly, we were committed to maintaining a student-centered approach.One core difference was to be the manner in which the experiential component of professional preparation would be integrated more centrally into both curricula. Previously, the curricula were designed in a more t raditional fashion whereby the clinical fieldwork experiences were laid at the end of each study term and were linked right away to the area of academic focus for the preceding learning block. By definition, once the overarching concepts of the curricula were determined to be different from the previous models, then fieldwork placements would become less strictly aligned. This was reinforced more heavily in the occupational therapy program which was originally designed around developmental stages and central practice populations.Students would face a more eclectic approach in their clinical learning therefore, both programs determined that learning around professional issues and practice expectations should be interwoven through the longitudinal axis of the curriculum. 18 Sue Baptiste, Patricia Solomon Redevelopment at heart a Problem-based Learning Culture 2 As with any problem-based learning system, the subaltern group learning unit is the nucleus of the whole curriculum. Howe ver, the success of problem-based, small group learning is supported by the strategic use of large group interactions for the imparting of theoretical and expert knowledge, while still maintaining a problem-based learning philosophy.Similarly, the application of problem-based learning principles is a critical piece of one-on-one learning and synthesis of knowledge and information throughout the academic and clinical components of the curriculum overall. Both the physiotherapy and occupational therapy programs elected to continue to practice problem-based learning methods in a manner that celebrated the development already achieved over twenty-five years of curriculum development. This has evolved over time very differently in each program. For example, during the planning process for the occupational therapy curriculum, efforts were made to define new models for tutoring and many were identified and put into place. During the second year of the occupational therapy program, the pro blem-based tutorials occur only once weekly.This allows additional scheduling time for including the evidence-based practice courses and is also in response to the difficulties many practitioners are experiencing in gaining release time from employers to participate as tutors. In this new tutorial model, tutors are required to participate in only one weekly session with two or three tutors witnessings across the term instead of weekly. Application of problem-based learning principles in large groups has been maintained and, in fact, enhanced particularly in the clinical skills sessions. Students often are placed in small groups (different groups from their core tutorial group) and provided with opportunities to explore assessment tools and intervention methods.Through these group experiences, the students apply a problem-based learning approach to the acknowledgement of learning issues, the uncovering of essential information and resources, and the synthesis of their understanding of the tool or technique. Integration of experiential Practice Preparation at bottom a Problem-based Learning Framework As mentioned earlier, both the physiotherapy and occupational therapy faculty groups were committed to ensuring the integrating of academic and experiential learning into the curricula from the beginning, and were focused on developing innovative models for the synthesis of practice preparation into the core academic units.It is important to note that the work related to integration commenced at the very onset of the curriculum planning process. In the case of the occupational therapy program, there had eer been sessions held throughout the full curriculum that provided opportunities for the Clinical Placement Coordinator (now Professional Practice Coordinator) to inform, advise, educate, and monitor students in preparing for their practice experiences and in checking in with them following these experiences. However, a greater focus on such integration was p laced within the masters entry-level curriculum model in order to ensure that students were being prepared to meet the enhanced expectations of a graduate program. Chapter 2 Curriculum Development and Design 19Evaluation Within a Graduate Problem-based Learning Framework There should be clear and close linkages between how students learn and how that learning is assessed. Therefore, some information will be presented here relative to the evaluation methods developed at McMaster University in the occupational therapy and physiotherapy programs. Student Evaluation. In the preceding years, the two programs at McMaster University had been very regard in designing evaluation/student assessment tools that reflected the principles of problem-based learning and provided students with opportunities to integrate their academic learning with their growing professional awareness and identity.Most of these tools are built around the basic problem-based learning process of exploring a learning s cenario that has been developed to address the objectives for the particular learning unit. Essentially, problem-based evaluation needs to be congruent with the cardinal values and principles of problem-based learning. Traditional methods of assessing students knowledge tend to be contradictory to these principles and therefore should not be applied out of context. Problem-based learner assessment should i Be congruent with the underlying problem-based learning process illustrated by the development of learning scenarios based on real life practice situations i Mirror the problem-based learning process of reflecting on a practice scenario, efining learning issues, researching, synthesizing, and synopsizing the learning with application to the defined case i Involve personal reflection and enhanced awareness of individual critical think- ing and clinical reasoning skills Faculty Evaluation. As with student assessment, the evaluation of faculty is central to the maintenance and enhan cement of a problem-based learning culture. And, similarly, faculty evaluation is built into the roles played in any given learning context. In the case of the small group tutor role, faculty members are assessd by each student and provide a self-evaluation to students during the course of the group process.Following the completion of the small group experience, students evaluate the faculty member as well as the overall course, and these ratings are provided to faculty and placed in their file for attention at quantify when promotion, tenure, and merit increase decisions are made. For those faculty members, practitioners, and others who facilitate large group sessions in both speculation and practical skills, similar evaluations are completed. This process has been in place over many years and has not changed since the advent of the new curricula. However, the items being evaluated have altered to reflect the pass judgment level and scope of graduate teaching. Student Self-asse ssment Development of the OTPPI. Students admitted into the occupational therapy program are not expected to have any essential courses completed during their undergraduate education. This has been the case from the very beginning.In the program itself, there are no formal courses that provide students with basic knowledge related to the foundational sciences that underlie occupational therapy practice such as anatomy, physics, biochemistry, sociology, psychology, and anthropology. It has been the long-held tactual sensation that in a pure problem-based learning 20 Sue Baptiste, Patricia Solomon 2 environment, the learning is accomplished through the horizontal meshing of various areas of knowledge and information that through the integration of these sciences and bodies of knowledge, students can gain the understanding they require by using real life situations as springboards for integration and synthesis of all inputs.Consequently, late efforts were expended to develop the Occ upational Therapy Personal Progress Inventory (OTPPI), a tool that was developed from the experience of the undergraduate medical program over the past few years (Blake et al. 1996 Cunnington 2001). The OTPPI focuses on foundational knowledge that our students need in order to become practicing occupational therapists. It is not a test of the application of that knowledge in practice. The inquiry consists of 90 multiple-choice questions developed with the expectation that a star student would be able to serve well by the time of graduation. There are three main domains included in each scrutiny biology (this includes anatomy, physiology, etc. ), social sciences (this includes psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc. ), and research (this includes statistics, research methods, ethics, etc. ).The breakdown of each test is 40 percent biology, 40 percent social science, and 20 percent research. The examination is generated each term and students in both years have the same examinati on, with the expectation that the students in second year will achieve a higher result than those in the first year. Students fulfill a detailed underwrite with their builds and a profile of how they have progressed over time. They are provided with information about their total score as well as a breakdown on each of the three domains. They also receive a zone score, which is an indication of how well they have performed on the test in comparison to the other members of the class.Students in the yellow or red zones may want to review their scores in more detail and make learning plans to address gaps that may have been identified through the examination. This tool is designed as a self-assessment measure, the individual results of which are known only to each student. We have made a conscious choice that results are not used in the summative evaluation of the students, and are think to provide the learners with a sense of how they are progressing in accumulating knowledge relat ive to the basic sciences of their discipline. The students are expected to use that information to set plans in place to address weaknesses (e. g. , through problem-based tutorials, individual assignments, etc. ).The OTPPI has been a pencil and paper test so far, but steps are being taken to diversify it to a web-based format. While the occupational therapy program has undertaken this initiative on a pilot basis, initial responses would propose that students are finding the process helpful to them, although this is very new at the time of publication. Integration of Evidence-based Practice Skills into the Curricula. The integration of skills related to practicing in an evidence-based manner is seen to be critical to both programs. A detailed verbal description of the models adopted by the occupational therapy and physiotherapy programs is found in Chapter 5. In both programs, there is a strong commitment to evidence-based practice as a central onstruct for the curriculum and a na tural partner for client-centered and problem-based principles. Conclusion Since their inception, the masters entry-level programs in occupational therapy and physiotherapy have presented opportunities to revisit our history and legacy in health sciences education. In order to reflect on the overall process, the general steps for curriculum design offered by Wiers et al. (2002) will be revisited (see Table 2. 2). Chapter 2 Curriculum Development and Design 21 For us, the rationale for the curriculum was clear both from an internal and an external perspective, and the notion of forming a planning group was a natural approach to the task.Our profound commitment to involving our broad academic community was illustrated through the involvement of a wide range of individuals encompassing full-time, part-time, and sessional faculty members as well as members of the wider practice community. Such involvement was realized throughout the planning process and continues through such individual s representation on our Education, Curriculum and Admissions committees. The need to define clear general educational objectives for the curriculum was also recognized at a very early stage. We found that being able to determine the goals and directions from the outset served to facilitate the planning that followed. Assessing the educational needs of future students was assisted by our own knowledge concerning the entry-level competencies demanded by our professional regulatory colleges.Also, the connections we have with our practice communities and past graduates were invaluable in providing a background for determining the shifts necessary within the curriculum to fulfill practice expectations. Similarly, the same thoughtful reasoning was used to consider the differences of teaching and learning between undergraduate and graduate approaches to education. Applying general principles of problem-based learning to the curriculum was not a concern for us, given our long history of int ernalizing this philosophy. Specific difficulties arose when converting the undergraduate courses and assessment tools to the needs of a graduate program.Nevertheless, problem-based learning in many ways is a gift for this transition since it resembles closely the natural proclivities of graduate work smaller groups, self-directedness, learner autonomy, and a degree of freedom to determine learning directions. Structuring the curriculum and creating a blueprint became different experiences for physiotherapy and occupational therapy. As mentioned previously, while the planning processes looked ostensibly similar, the manner in which the final curricular models were derived was very different (see Tables 2. 3 and 2. 4). However, after the master models were created, the processes for elaborating the blueprints and constructing study units were again very similar.Methods of student assessment tended to remain grounded in the familiar processes and tools that we had developed across ou r history with problem-based learning. However, as each curricular element emerged throughout the planning (e. g. , evidence-based practice, ethics, clinical skills, fieldwork) so did innovative ways to enhance the student assessment processes that were already strong. Details of these innovations will be discussed in the book chapters relating to these specific areas. Consideration of the educational organization and curriculum management model required particular attention since our lines of accountability had shifted, with the Table 2. 4.Physiotherapy curricular framework Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 Content theme Fundamentals of physiotherapy practice Fundamentals of musculoskeletal practice Fundamentals of cardiorespiratory and neurological practice Advanced neurological practice Community practice Integrated practice and professional transition 22 Sue Baptiste, Patricia Solomon 2 move to the School of Graduate Studies. Two slightly different models of governance emerged, with the Admissio ns Committee being the only divided up group between physiotherapy and occupational therapy. However, both governance models reflect a central group responsible and accountable for curriculum and another group that oversees general program functioning. Curricular evaluation frame an ongoing responsibility and expectation.Chapter 13 provides a particular model for curriculum evaluation that was used by the occupational therapy program, the Program Logic Model. However, there are many ways in which faculty members can retain a clear image of what makes up a curriculum and what indicators are critical to evaluate for the success of the program overall. The three years of planning and launching the new curricula at McMaster University were years of passing hard work, high energy and output. As we see each student cohort graduate, and receive feedback concerning our students and graduates in practice settings, we feel heartened that we appear to be on the right track. We know, however, that curriculum development is an ongoing process.

Carbonate and hydrochloric acid Essay Example for Free

Carbonate and hydrochloric acrimonious EssayIf you have a 2 fixed masses of hydrochloric window pane, which have both been crushed up, the one with the sm altogetherer particles will have a higher crop of reception, due to the fact that on that point is a higher surface ara subject to the hydrochloric dosage. A good vitrine to compargon this to would be slicing a loaf of bread, then bed cover butter on it. The more thinner you cut each slice of bread, the more you net loaf which guesss that you would be able to spread more butter. This type of theory is known as the bread and butter theory and is often employ in biology.The higher surface ara of marble chips there is that is in contact with the hydrochloric acid, the higher the ordain of reaction, and the more products that are form in a inclined amount of time. Light Some chemical reactions are affected by the bearing of rest. One example of a reaction that depends on the front line of sunlight is photosynt hesis, which only takes place when sunlight falls on a plant, which contains green pigmentation called chlorophyll. Another example of a reaction that only takes place in the presence of light is that which occurs when a photograph is taken.Inside the camera is a transparent film, which a clear pliant film that is covered in an emulsion of a layer of gelatine which is filled with millions of tiny crystals of silverish halides, especially silver bromide (AgBr). The emulsion that is used is similar for both colour and black and snow-clad film. The only difference is that the colour film contains three layers of emulsion which all contain different dyes. When light falls hits a silver bromide molecule, silver cations (Ag+) accepts an electron from the bromine ions (Br-) creating a silver atom. Ag+ + e- Ag Silver ion + Electron Silver atomThe bromine atoms that are produced are then confine in the gelatine. The more light that hits the photographic film the greater the amount of sil ver that is deposited. As you can see, most of the ways of increasing the consecrate of reactivity involve increasing the tally of successful collisions at heart the reaction itself. Once you do this the rate of reaction should increase. However, just increasing the number of collisions doesnt necessarily mean that the rate of reaction is increased. This is because in assure to increase the rate of reaction you need to increase the number of successful collisions.When collisions occur, if they do not have enough energy, which is in the form of kinetic energy, then they would gross out each other. However if they do have enough energy, then they would combine, which is a successful collision. The way in which the rate of reaction is calculated is by using the following formula reply rate= remove in amount (or concentration) of a substance/products produced Time taken Therefore, in this case, I will be measuring the rate of reaction by measuring the quantity of products formed. The formula would then be Reaction rate= carbon dioxide produced.Time taken Using this method you can work out the intermediate rate of reaction amongst calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the time given for the experiment. The rate at which it reacts would be measured in x grams/minute. Aim The aim of this experiment is to see how the rate of reaction can be affected by a factor variable. The variable that we chose was the concentration of the acid, so the aim is to see how the concentration of hydrochloric acid can affect the rate of reactivity. Prediction Substances are habituated to burn much faster in the presence of oxygen.For example a charcoal in a barbeque would often be burning quite slowly with a red glow. However, when you blow on t, the coal would become even hotter as it gets more red, and my even burst into flames. This is as you are blowing a higher concentration of oxygen onto it. Another example is acetylene, which burns extremely rapidly in the presenc e of pure oxygen. The energy produced, in the form of hotness, is enough to burn through metal, which is what it is used for C2H2 + 2. 5O2 2 carbon dioxide + H2O + heat Acetylene + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + heat energy.Chemical reactions occur when successful collisions occur between particles. This is when particles gain enough speed that when they collide with each other they join together. Successful collisions between acetylene molecules and oxygen molecules occur when pure oxygen is used instead of air. Therefore, the rate of reaction increases the rate of reaction as well as increasing the amount of heat given off. From this, I can indeed pretend that as you increase the concentration of the hydrochloric acid, you would also be increasing the rate of reaction.I predict that the shape of the graph would look like so This is as the rate of reaction at the opening would be quite rapid. This would eventually slow down due to the fact that the calcium chloride and the hydr ochloric acid are being used up. I therefore predict that the shape of the graph would eventually take aim off, and all of the lines (the concentrations) should end up at the same level in the end. Preliminary Investigation There are two methods that may be used to measure the rate of reaction, which are * How fast the reactants are used up.How fast the products are formed The method we are using is to measure how fast the products are formed in this case how fast the carbon dioxide is formed. Preliminary experiments were performed beforehand to understand how the actual experiment should be carried out, decide on the quantities of substances used as well as comprehend the observations in the experiment, i. e. effervescence, in order to acknowledge the reaction. First, we had to decide on the concentration of hydrochloric acid used. The fist concentration that was tried was 3 molar, which I distinct was too fast.This was as the reading on the gas syringe went above the maximum lev el quite rapidly, which is not sufficient as it means that the results would not be adequate enough to rank a trend, which is the main aim of this investigation. The next concentration level that was tried was 2 molar, which I decided was adequate enough for the maximum concentration. Even though the reading in the gas syringe did go above the maximum, I did keep in mind that I was going to be using a larger gas syringe for the actual experiment.Therefore the maximum concentration of acid that is going to be used is 2 molar, which is the variable. We are then going to reduce this to 1. 8 molar, 1. 6 molar, 1. 4 molar, 1. 2 molar and then finally 1 molar. I believe that these sets of variables would be adequate enough in order to identify a trend. After deciding on the quantities used, I then had to decide what gaudiness of acid I was going to be using. The first volume I tried was 0. 5ml, which was too slow. I then tired 10 ml, which was again proving to be quite a slow reaction.S o I then doubled the volume of the acid, which I believed was satisfactory, as the rate of reaction was good, and the amount of co2 produced was satisfactory, as it did not go over the syringe limit. I then had to decide what mass of calcium carbonate chips I had to use. The first mass that I had tried was 0. 5grams, which produced a far too slow rate of reaction. I then tried 2 grams of calcium carbonate, which was too fast of a reaction, and the amount of CO2 produced was off the reading on the gas syringe, so I halved it to 1 gram, which was satisfactory.The amount of time I am going to use is 90 seconds (one and a half minutes) as I believe that this is a sufficient amount of time in which I will be able to identify every trend between the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the amount of carbon dioxide produced. Here are the results for the volume of acid Concentration of acid 1M Mass of marble chips 1. 0 gram Volume of acid used 5 ml. Time (s) Concentration of acid 1M Mass of marble chips 1. 0 gram Volume of acid 10 ml Time (s).Concentration of acid 1M Mass of marble chips 1. 0 gram Volume of acid 20ml TConcentration of acid 1M Mass of marble chips 1 gram Volume of acid 20ml Time (s) + Here are the results for the concentration of hydrochloric acid Concentration of acid 2M Mass of marble chips1 gram Volume of acid 20ml Time (s) 2 produced (cm3) + Concentration of acid 1M Mass of marble chips 1 gram Volume of acid 20ml Time (s)(cm3) The overall result for the preliminary investigation using the correct quantities would be Time (s) 1 produced (cm3) with 1M The graph for the preliminary investigation looked like thisShow preview only The above preview is unformatted school text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gatsby Essay Example for Free

F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gatsby EssayIt is invariably saddening to look through new eyes at things upon which you hand expended your memorise powers of ad exactlyment.( F.Scott Fitzgerald 104) break away talks about how he looks at life with a new positioning and tries to abandoned the West Egg concept of a world complete in itself, with its own standards its own great figures. When he look at daisy, he explains that he could feel daisys pain and torture by just looking into her eyes. So the significance of this quote is that nick is looking beyond the gilts and enrapture of society so that he may see the true identity of people- as with Daisy. Later on, pass will use this skill to find the true answer of whom Gatsby is .The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of Goda phrase which, if it means anything, means just thatand he must be about His Fathers business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen year old boy would be presumable to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end.(F.Scott Fitzgerald 98)-Nick describes Gatsbys early life using a comparison betwixt Gatsby and Jesus to reveal Gatsbys identity. In the Great Gatsby, Gatsby transforms himself into the ideal that he envisioned for himself a Platonic conception of himself as a youngster and remains committed to that ideal, despite the obstacles that society presents to the fulfillment of his dream.He wanted aught less of Daisy than that she should go to tom and say I never loved you. later she had obliterated four years with that sentence they could decide upon the more practical measures to be taken. (F.Scott Fitzgerald 109)-Gatsby is frustrated at daisy for being a cowardly woman who doesnt stand up for her. He believes its time for her to take action but Gatsby also realizes that its impractical. Gatsby would like to p ut everything back how it was in the past, but Daisy has travel on from the past into the present.His heart beat faster and faster as Daisys white verbalism came up to his own. He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never childs play again like the mind of God. So he waited, listening for a moment longer to the tuning-fork that had been strike upon a star. Then he kissed her. At his lips touch she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete.(F.Scott Fitzgerald111)-Gatsby opens up to Nick and tell a memorable event between Gatsby and Daisy. This is one of the times were he very gives information about his past that is true and Nick is surprised and hears Gatsby through. Gatsby longs for the past and revisions the event where he and daisy depression kissed. Gatsby fantasies about the past, believing that Daisy is the same girl he kissed many years ago.But his heart was in a const ant, turbulent riot. The nigh grotesque and fantastic conceits haunted him in his bed at night. A universe of ineffable gaudiness spun itself out in his brain while the clock ticked on the wash-stand and the moon on soaked with wet light his tangled clothes upon the floor. Each night he added to the pattern of his fancies until somnolence closed down upon some vivid scene with an oblivious embrace. For a while these reveries provided an outlet for his visual sensation they were a satisfactory hint of the un worldly concern of reality, a promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairys flank.(Scott Fitzgerald 99) Gatsby is a man who seems to have it all but in reality is troubled by one-sided love. The one thing he doesnt have is what he needs most to fulfill him is Daisy. At night, these thoughts some(prenominal) torment and comfort him. The beauty of this passage is Fitzgeralds use of both shun and positive imagery to illustrate the conflict in Gatsbys tho ughts. The imagery of the rock and fairys wing just elaborates Gatsbys view of his world is crumbling apart something like a rock is a steadfast foundation has flew away so easily like a fairy. Very much like the deflection between Gatsbys real world and what he wishes for himself.Chapter 7Her voice is full of money, he said suddenly.That was it. Id never understood before. It was full of money that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals song of it high in a white palace the kings daughter, the opulent girl. (Scott Fitzgerald 120) Gatsby is shocked and confused wherefore Daisy is all about money. He doesnt even wonder why she hook up with gobbler. So Fitzgerald adds in dialogues as a hint to fill in the missing gaps and to stage Gatsby who Daisy was and is. gobbler allows Daisy to ride with Gatsby because he knows she wont choose Gatsby over him. Gatsby cant let go of the Daisy, not because of the relationship now but what they had back in the past were he was a scurvy kid in the army who got this beautiful rich girl to fall in love with him. on that point is no confusion like the confusion of a simple mind, and as we drove away tom was feeling the hot whips of panic. His wife and his mistress, until an hour ago secure and inviolate, were slipping precipitately from his control.(Scott Fitzgerald 125) This quote reveals that Tom is getting frustrated and shocked because of the accident. He feels as though he is losing control over both women, Daisy and Myrtle. You could see the signs of tension between Gatsby and Tom when they get into a verbal argument of some sort. Tom needs control and when he doubts his control, over a situation or an otherwise person, he buzzword handle it.With every word she was drawing further and further into herself, so he gave that up, and only the inanimate dream fought on as the afternoon slipped away, trying to touch what was no longer tangible, struggling unhappily, despai ringly, toward that preoccupied voice across the room.(Scott Fitzgerald 134)-As she spoke, he became more and more aware that Daisy would never be his. The dream that he once had of them being together slipped away. He was becoming forced to realize the truth even though he somehow wished it was different.So we drove on toward death in the cooling twilight. Nick Was Daisy driving?Gatsby Yes, but of course Ill say I was. (Scott Fitzgerald 137-143). Fitzgerald placed the first quote as a foreshadowing of Myrtles death. I dont understand why Gatsby and the other characters mourn for Myrtle, they act if it was just a normal day by day event. Its raise how Gatsby spoke as if Daisys reaction was the only thing that mattered.He put his hands in his coat pockets and turned back eagerly to his scrutiny of the house, as though my presence marred the sacredness of the vigil. So I walked away and left him standing there in the moonlight watching over nothing.(Scott Fitzgerald 145)-Before the go into the city and the accident, Gatsby was convinced that Daisy was in love with him and would without a doubt leave Tom for him. When he watches Daisy and Tom in the kitchen, the reality of the situation is starting to hit him. Ever since he and Daisy fell apart when she married Tom, he has entirely employ his life to getting wealth to impress Daisy and win her back. He has devoted his whole life and heart to this woman, and so as he watches her slipping away from him again, he knows nothing more than to return to his vigil over the woman that has controlled his life.

Importance of “patriotism” during war Essay Example for Free

Importance of nationalism during war EssayWilfred Owen in his poetry Asleep and Andrew Hudgins in his numbers Listen? The Flies give up analyzed the concepts of stopping point, war and violence. Even though both poets experienced the military actions themselves, they did not describe the life of soldiers and the philosophy of war from the patriotic orchestrate of view. On the contrary, in their verses Owen and Hudgins illustrated the most horrible scenes of war that accentuate that war can never be justified because it destroys human life and brings physical and moral sufferings. some(prenominal) poets portray remnant as the only way out for soldiers, express compassion towards soldiers as the greatest victims of war and describe low greatness of human life as the result of military actions in order to disprove the idea of patriotism that plays upon the mind of soldiers and exploits them for the mercenary interests of their governors.First, Andrew Hudgins and Wilfred Owen justify dying to most extent because it rescues soldiers from anger of war and occurs as the earthy process unlike war that goes against all moral laws. When Hudgins talks about war in his poem he describes human life as purity that was shaded by war and turned into putrefaction everything that lives is toss from purity to putrefaction, back and forth. At the same time Wilfred Owen, uses comparison in order to yield that cobblers last becomes more pleasant than life during war. He compares death to the deep sleep his deeper sleep lies shaded by the shaking of great wings, and the thoughts that hung the stars. The soldier in the poem has finally got a chance to have any(prenominal) rest after long days of battle.The main characters of both poems are not afraid of death and to some extent they accept it because even death cannot be more frightful than war. Thus, in the poem Asleep Wilfred Owen describes the soldier who does not suffer in his dead sleep because he is abov e these clouds, these rains, these sleets of function, above all severe weather conditions, constant attacks and stress from killing and being killed. Moreover, those soldiers who are passive alive envy the dead soldier that does not have to wake up in the dawning and see the horrors of war again. Similar to Wilfred Owen, Andrew Hudgins refers to Bible to justify death.He uses allusion and gives quotes from the Bible to show that death is more natural for a soldier than war from ash to ash, it says, from dust to dust, with fire and dirty water in between. Hudgins depicts how soldiers were waiting for death in prison camps praising the flies. The flies are symbols of death that is ceaselessly near. In the last part of the poem the author killed a fly that got in his room merely he knows that there will be more flies in the future.The main character of the poem does not see any point in struggling for life because its easier to accept death that is unavoidable during war. Thus, a ccording to both authors, the horrors of war lead to the condition when death becomes a happy exterminate for a soldier because it sets him free from all the hardships that he has to go through during war and it can be explained by laws of nature.Second, the authors stress the cruelty of military actions by describing the dead soldiers as the greatest victims of war and showing their compassion for them. The length and the concentration of events in both poems are the brightest indication of the authors ability to awaken in the mind of reviewers the same kind of sympathy that both poets have for their characters. The length of the both poems does not let the lector to remain in disparate to the events which take place and arouses the feelings of grief, horror and deep sorrow in the indorsers mind. Thus, the poem of Wilfred Owen is short that enables us to read it at unrivalled sitting at the highest layer of excitement.The phrases in the poem Asleep are abrupt that turns the r eading into the process when there is a routine to think and move to the next line. The poem by Andrew Hudgins is longer however, most of the sentences are short and it provokes the reader to pay attention to every detail and not to leave anything without attention. All events which occur in the poem Asleep are concentrated in one place during certain time interval at the same time in the poem Listen? The Flies the author tells about events which happened in different places during different periods of time.The concentration of time and place in the poem by Wilfred Owen is used because the author wants stay-at-home citizens to be carried to the battle field for a moment, experience what the soldiers experience every day and see the annexe and the reality of war. Lack of focus on time and place in the poem by Andrew Hudgins makes the reader see the war from the different standpoints and contemplate more about the meaning of life. Thus, at the beginning Hudgins describes how he noti ced the body of the dead soldier, and then he points out that death took away many population in prison camps, after that he explains death using quotes from Bible and at the end he goes back to the symbolic scene with the flies.Third, both authors illustrate that military victory and destruction of enemies during war have higher importance than life of a person. The soldiers in both poems are described as some human bodies without soul rather than as human beings. In the poem Asleep no one notices the dead soldier his head confuses more and more with the low mould and his hair becomes of the same warp with the grey grass of finished fields. It seems like the soldier is the machine that is out of order.Andrew Hudgins describes with certain mockery the scene when the soldiers walked the marsh and sang the patriotic song however, their friend was dead. The author portrays how someones death can be neglected because patriotic idea supported by political and economic interests plays more important role. The dead soldiers are heroes because they were killed for their country. However, the question remains whether the interests that they defend are the interests of people or the interests of politicians.Both poems lead us to the conclusion that the consequences of patriotism are death and emotional breakdown. The poets used different techniques to emphasize that the glorious idea of military patriotism is based on political ambitions and soldiers are only instruments. The romanticist beliefs about nobility of military actions made both characters of the poems the victims of war whose life lost its value and death became the answer to sufferings and hardships.